Genetics lecture 1 we will begin this course with the question. On two monohybrid corn, count the number of purple and yellow kernels and the smooth and shrunken kernels. Typically, the corn phenotypes carolina offers involve the color or shape of the kernel. Epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which one gene masks the phenotypic expression of another. Bio2450l genetics laboratory manual cuny academic works. In rapid cycling brassica rapa, anthocyanin can be seen in. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits. Spongebob genetics directions differentiation activity flip a coin. It is not a curriculum, rather it is meant to provide background information and ideas to support existing curricula. If a is domi nant to a, the two possible phenotypes will be the phenotype of aa or the phenotype of aa and aa. For many years, indian corn zea mays has been a model organism that teachers use to explain dominancerecessiveness, genotypesphenotypes, and monohybriddihybrid inheritance. What proportion of purple kernels is expected in the progeny of the monohybrid cross in experiment 1. Monohybrid genetics with corn kit teachers manual 5 the zygote develops into an embryo that becomes dormant during the seed stage of the corn life cycle.
Table 2 above shows the raw data for our third ear of corn we used a test cross corn cob. An inexpensive method to simulate a monohybrid cross using. Genes are specific sequences of nucleotides that code for particular proteins. Also in corn, the dominant gene su produces the endosperm phenotype smooth. Students often have preconceived notions brought into the classroom and laboratory. In this laboratory you will study the results of some inheritance crosses similar to those performed by mendel in his classical experiments on heredity in corn. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern the genotypes of the parents of the ear of corn. By counting the number of corn kernels by color and texture, we were able to make inferences about the hereditary information alleles which were passed down from the parents. A freeform question asked what students liked best and least about the complete laboratory exercise, which included corn and zebrafish exercises.
Mendelian inheritance in corn the study of genetics and inheritance. The genotype of the zygote will depend on which alleles are carried in the gametes. Students study the inheritance of grain color using ears of corn. Before you begin, save this lab report template on your computer as lastnameapbiocorn. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the. An inexpensive method to simulate a monohybrid cross. Genetics is the study of how genes bring about characteristics, or traits, in living things and how those characteristics are inherited.
Count the number of purple and yellow kernels in five of the rows on your ear of corn and record the number on the chart. Be sure to use the same five rows for each calculation. When the lab receives the specimen, the lab technologist extracts the chromosomes from the cells goal is to extract the chromosomes while the cell is in the metaphase stage of mitosis. Place the 1 in the space below the appropriate phenotype. Mendelian genetics lab coeliac disease gluten scribd.
The the second part of the lab corn is a dihybrid cross of two monohybrids. Experiment lectures are on mondays and wednesdays, labs meet tuesdays and thursdays. As this is my first attempt at flash, i realize there are some improvements that can be made, but for now it works for the purpose that it was intended for. The endosperm nucleus develops into a mass of tissue the endosperm, which surrounds the embryo. Sweet corn grains wrinkle upon drying while starchy grains remain. Students counted the number of purple and yellow kernels, counted the number of smooth and shrunken kernels and then used a chi square analysis to show that a 9.
Outline highlight some key points in syllabus corn color and collection of data phenotypes chisquare analysis corn genetics lab application of chisquare analysis the color pattern in corn is due to multiple genes are variations in number of observed phenotypes due to chance alone. This course describes the logic and practice of genetic analysis, i. Mendelian genetics in corn introduction mendelian traits refer to phenotypical features whose pattern of inheritance follows mendels theories about the inheritance of traits. Use complete sentences and bold the answers and have them in a different color. Your pet will have the following possible characteristics. Development of genetics and molecular biology 1866 genetics start to get attention when mendel experimented with green peas and publish his finding 1910 morgan revealed that the units of heredity are contained with chromosome, 1944 it is confirmed through studies on the bacteria that it was dna that carried the genetic information.
There are several traits in the corn seed type the traits in. Physical characteristics that are genetically determined. In this lab we observed the proportions of dominant and recessive phenotypes that resulted from different crosses and analyzed them using a chi square in order to learn about the. Corn a diploid organism has been widely used to study and illustrate mendelian traits.
These phenotypes and numbers are entered in columns 1 and 2 of the following table 2. Corn genetics chi square analysis tonybloglabreports. The poor fit indicates that the hypothesis ppss x ppss is probably incorrect. If you are using this kit with less experienced biology students, you may need to. The outer layer of cells of the endosperm is called the aleurone. It is the reason blueberries and blue corn are blue, and the reason eggplants and cabbage are purple. Ap biology genetics lab california state university. Chi square statistical goodness of fit test application of chi square slide 8 corn genetics lab objective variation of colorswhy. Monohybrid genetics with corn kit overview storing your kit objectives expectations required knowledge this kit is written primarily as a genetics lab for an introductory high school or middle school biology course.
Lab 9 principles of genetic inheritance overview in this laboratory you will learn about the basic principles of genetic inheritance, or what is commonly referred to as genetics. The purple color is produced by a pigmented layer within the grains. Characteristic trait phenotype gender male o hat r female hair bow skin color green or orange eyes round or square. Count the kernels using the same techniques as previously. Through the processes of meiosis and sexual reproduction, genes are transmitted from one generation to. The full lab handout with all the data tables can be found here. Access study documents, get answers to your study questions, and connect with real tutors for bio 345. The highest percentage liked best answer was zebrafish 40. The physical definition of the gene is a very good one but there are many instances where we wish to study genes whose dna sequences are not known. Heads dominant tails recessive record the genotype received fro each trait draw a picture to show the phenotype of your spongebob choose a group member to mate your spongebob with and create punnett squares to show the possible offspring. Postlab questions inheritance in maize weed to wonder. Lecture 1 intro to genetics 20% genetic disease classic medical genetics, single gene, early onset pediatric 80% genetic susceptibility common gene variation and environment, delayed onset adult pedigree children, siblings, parents nuclear family agedate birth, health status, agedate death, cause of death. Corn genetics research exposes mechanism behind traits becoming silent by pennsylvania state university diverse maize cobs showing the varying genetic traits of. This question will take us four lectures to answer because there are actually several different definitions that are appropriate in different contexts.
Mendelian genetics of corn overview this kit is has been designed for use as an introductory collegelevel genetics lab or, alternatively, as a high school honors, collegepreparatory, or ap biology lab. Table 1 above shows the observed numbers of kernels and their percentages in our first two ears of corn. If the layer is not pigmented colorless, the yellow color of an inner tissue shows through. An ear of corn is actually a collection of over a hundred offspring, neatly packaged onto a cob, able. The teacher friendly guide to the evolution of maize is designed to provide teachers with background information necessary to teach the concept of evolution. In my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. An individuals characteristics are determines by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next. Modern genetics for all students pdfs workshop lab curriculum. The purple corn color is dominant, and the yellow color is recessive, because there are more. During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Download spreadsheet online spreadsheet chi square test photos of corn. My hypothesis is that the corn was made from a dihybrid cross. Home my courses 19wncmp bio12320103 week 6 genetics of corn lab report started on sunday.
The purpose of this experiment is to count the number of phenotypes in 5 rows of kernels on a corn cob and to make an educated prediction on its genotype and its parents genotypes. For example, say we have isolated a new mutant fly that is also paralyzed and we want to know whether this mutation is also in the shibire gene. Can you infer from this data which trait is dominant and which is recessive. Failure to do so will result in points being deducted. A true appreciation of the nature of genetic inheritance will require solving of. Obtain an ear of corn that is the result of a cross that was heterozygous x heterozygous for both traits. These activities were created for the purpose of teaching introductory biology classes on the topic of genetics. The phenotype with the least number of individuals you will call 1. To observe phenotypes and use chi square analysis to determine if results are of good fit. So in the corn lab, a kernel of corn has an equal chance of being purple and plump as it does purple and wrinkled or yellow and plump vs yellow and wrinkled because the alleles separate into gametes independently of one another during meiosis when the gametes are being formed and the chromosomes with the genes are separating. This ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross ppss x ppss involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern the genotypes of the parents of the ear. When heterozygotes mate their offspring will have different phenotypes. When we do breeding experiments it is important to know the genotypes of.
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